Detailed Explanation
Opioid peptides derived from food proteins during gastrointestinal digestion. The term was coined in 1979 by Zioudrou, Streaty, and Klee.
Major examples include casomorphins from dairy casein, gluten exorphins (gliadorphins) from wheat, and soymorphins from soy protein. These peptides bind μ- and δ-opioid receptors in the gut and may influence motility, secretion, and satiety. Whether food-derived exorphins cross the blood–brain barrier in significant quantities to affect behavior remains debated. β-Casomorphin-7 from A1 β-casein has attracted controversy regarding potential health effects, leading to the marketing of A2 milk from cows producing only A2 β-casein.
Key Facts
- Opioid peptides derived from food proteins during gastrointestinal digestion.
- The term was coined in 1979 by Zioudrou, Streaty, and Klee.
- Major examples include casomorphins from dairy casein, gluten exorphins (gliadorphins) from wheat, and soymorphins from soy protein.
- These peptides bind μ- and δ-opioid receptors in the gut and may influence motility, secretion, and satiety.
- Whether food-derived exorphins cross the blood–brain barrier in significant quantities to affect behavior remains debated. β-Casomorphin-7 from A1 β-casein has attracted controversy regarding potential health effects, leading to the marketing of A2 milk from cows producing only A2 β-casein.
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