Detailed Explanation
28-amino-acid neuropeptide widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the gastrointestinal tract. VIP belongs to the secretin/glucagon peptide superfamily. Its actions include relaxation of smooth muscle (vasodilation, bronchodilation), stimulation of water and electrolyte secretion in the gut, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, modulation of immune responses (generally anti-inflammatory), and regulation of circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
VIP acts through VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors (shared with PACAP). VIPomas — rare pancreatic tumors that overproduce VIP — cause watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (Verner-Morrison syndrome/WDHA syndrome). VIP analogs are being investigated for pulmonary hypertension and inflammatory bowel disease.
Key Facts
- 28-amino-acid neuropeptide widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the gastrointestinal tract.
- VIP belongs to the secretin/glucagon peptide superfamily.
- Its actions include relaxation of smooth muscle (vasodilation, bronchodilation), stimulation of water and electrolyte secretion in the gut, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, modulation of immune responses (generally anti-inflammatory), and regulation of circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
- VIP acts through VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors (shared with PACAP).
- VIPomas — rare pancreatic tumors that overproduce VIP — cause watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (Verner-Morrison syndrome/WDHA syndrome).
- VIP analogs are being investigated for pulmonary hypertension and inflammatory bowel disease.
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